To apply federated learning to drug discovery we developed a novel platform in the context of European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) project MELLODDY (grant n{\deg}831472), which was comprised of 10 pharmaceutical companies, academic research labs, large industrial companies and startups. The MELLODDY platform was the first industry-scale platform to enable the creation of a global federated model for drug discovery without sharing the confidential data sets of the individual partners. The federated model was trained on the platform by aggregating the gradients of all contributing partners in a cryptographic, secure way following each training iteration. The platform was deployed on an Amazon Web Services (AWS) multi-account architecture running Kubernetes clusters in private subnets. Organisationally, the roles of the different partners were codified as different rights and permissions on the platform and administrated in a decentralized way. The MELLODDY platform generated new scientific discoveries which are described in a companion paper.

This work proposes Multi-task Meta Learning (MTML), integrating two learning paradigms Multi-Task Learning (MTL) and meta learning, to bring together the best of both worlds. In particular, it focuses simultaneous learning of multiple tasks, an element of MTL and promptly adapting to new tasks with fewer data, a quality of meta learning. It is important to highlight that we focus on heterogeneous tasks, which are of distinct kind, in contrast to typically considered homogeneous tasks (e.g., if all tasks are classification or if all tasks are regression tasks). The fundamental idea is to train a multi-task model, such that when an unseen task is introduced, it can learn in fewer steps whilst offering a performance at least as good as conventional single task learning on the new task or inclusion within the MTL. By conducting various experiments, we demonstrate this paradigm on two datasets and four tasks: NYU-v2 and the taskonomy dataset for which we perform semantic segmentation, depth estimation, surface normal estimation, and edge detection. MTML achieves state-of-the-art results for most of the tasks. Although semantic segmentation suffers quantitatively, our MTML method learns to identify segmentation classes absent in the pseudo labelled ground truth of the taskonomy dataset.

该论文旨在通过将模糊几何逻辑语言添加模态来开发一个结构模糊几何逻辑的框架。使用煤层的方法，以模糊的几何逻辑语言引入了模态算子。为了定义模态运算符，我们引入了模糊开放的谓词举重的概念。基于类别$ \ textbf {fuzzy-top} $模糊拓扑空间和模糊连续地图的类别$ \ textbf {fuzzy-top} $ t $ t $ t $ the的基础，我们建立了为calgeberaic Fuzzy几何逻辑建立模型。在这项工作中讨论了定义模型的两次仿真。

这项工作提出了一种新型的自我监督的预训练方法，以学习有效的表示，而没有在组织病理学医学图像上使用放大倍率的因素进行标签。其他最先进的工作主要集中在完全监督的学习方法上，这些学习方法严重依赖人类注释。但是，标记和未标记数据的稀缺性是组织病理学的长期挑战。当前，没有标签的表示学习仍未探索组织病理学领域。提出的方法是放大事先的对比相似性（MPC），可以通过利用放大倍率，电感转移和减少人类先验的宽度乳腺癌数据集中的无标签来进行自我监督的学习。当仅20％的标签用于微调和表现以前的工作中，在完全监督的学习环境中，该方法与恶性分类的最新学习相匹配。它提出了一个假设，并提供了经验证据来支持，从而减少人类优先导致自学​​中有效表示学习。这项工作的实施可在github-https：//github.com/prakashchhipa/magnification-prior-self-supervised-method上在线获得。

自从2020年的Covid-19流行病发作以来，数百万人屈服于这种致命的病毒。已经制定了许多尝试来设计一种可以检测到病毒的自动测试方法。全球各地的研究人员提出了基于深度学习的方法，以使用胸部X射线检测Covid-19。但是，在大多数研究人员使用的公开胸部X射线数据集中，已经提出了问题。在本文中，我们提出了一个2分阶段的方法来解决这个主题问题。已经进行了两个实验作为在数据集中出现偏置存在的方法的第1阶段的一部分。随后，已经提出了在方法的第2阶段中提出了一种图像分割，超分辨率和基于CNN的流水线以及不同的图像增强技术，以减少偏置的效果。 InceptionResNetv2在胸部X射线图像上培训，随着直方图均衡而增强，其次通过阶段2中提出的管道时γ校正，为3级（正常，肺炎和Covid-19）分类产生了90.47％的最高精度任务。

Reliable and cost-effective counting of people in large indoor spaces is a significant challenge with many applications. An emerging approach is to deploy multiple fisheye cameras mounted overhead to monitor the whole space. However, due to the overlapping fields of view, person re-identificaiton (PRID) is critical for the accuracy of counting. While PRID has been thoroughly researched for traditional rectilinear cameras, few methods have been proposed for fisheye cameras and their performance is comparatively lower. To close this performance gap, we propose a multi-feature framework for fisheye PRID where we combine deep-learning, color-based and location-based features by means of novel feature fusion. We evaluate the performance of our framework for various feature combinations on FRIDA, a public fisheye PRID dataset. The results demonstrate that our multi-feature approach outperforms recent appearance-based deep-learning methods by almost 18% points and location-based methods by almost 3% points in accuracy.

Context is vital for commonsense moral reasoning. "Lying to a friend" is wrong if it is meant to deceive them, but may be morally okay if it is intended to protect them. Such nuanced but salient contextual information can potentially flip the moral judgment of an action. Thus, we present ClarifyDelphi, an interactive system that elicits missing contexts of a moral situation by generating clarification questions such as "Why did you lie to your friend?". Our approach is inspired by the observation that questions whose potential answers lead to diverging moral judgments are the most informative. We learn to generate questions using Reinforcement Learning, by maximizing the divergence between moral judgements of hypothetical answers to a question. Human evaluation shows that our system generates more relevant, informative and defeasible questions compared to other question generation baselines. ClarifyDelphi assists informed moral reasoning processes by seeking additional morally consequential context to disambiguate social and moral situations.

Pre-trained language models, despite their rapid advancements powered by scale, still fall short of robust commonsense capabilities. And yet, scale appears to be the winning recipe; after all, the largest models seem to have acquired the largest amount of commonsense capabilities. Or is it? In this paper, we investigate the possibility of a seemingly impossible match: can smaller language models with dismal commonsense capabilities (i.e., GPT-2), ever win over models that are orders of magnitude larger and better (i.e., GPT-3), if the smaller models are powered with novel commonsense distillation algorithms? The key intellectual question we ask here is whether it is possible, if at all, to design a learning algorithm that does not benefit from scale, yet leads to a competitive level of commonsense acquisition. In this work, we study the generative models of commonsense knowledge, focusing on the task of generating generics, statements of commonsense facts about everyday concepts, e.g., birds can fly. We introduce a novel commonsense distillation framework, I2D2, that loosely follows the Symbolic Knowledge Distillation of West et al. but breaks the dependence on the extreme-scale models as the teacher model by two innovations: (1) the novel adaptation of NeuroLogic Decoding to enhance the generation quality of the weak, off-the-shelf language models, and (2) self-imitation learning to iteratively learn from the model's own enhanced commonsense acquisition capabilities. Empirical results suggest that scale is not the only way, as novel algorithms can be a promising alternative. Moreover, our study leads to a new corpus of generics, Gen-A-Tomic, that is of the largest and highest quality available to date.

With the growing global deployment of carbon capture and sequestration technology to combat climate change, monitoring and detection of potential CO2 leakage through existing or storage induced faults are critical to the safe and long-term viability of the technology. Recent work on time-lapse seismic monitoring of CO2 storage has shown promising results in its ability to monitor the growth of the CO2 plume from surface recorded seismic data. However, due to the low sensitivity of seismic imaging to CO2 concentration, additional developments are required to efficiently interpret the seismic images for leakage. In this work, we introduce a binary classification of time-lapse seismic images to delineate CO2 plumes (leakage) using state-of-the-art deep learning models. Additionally, we localize the leakage region of CO2 plumes by leveraging Class Activation Mapping methods.

Metric learning aims to learn distances from the data, which enhances the performance of similarity-based algorithms. An author style detection task is a metric learning problem, where learning style features with small intra-class variations and larger inter-class differences is of great importance to achieve better performance. Recently, metric learning based on softmax loss has been used successfully for style detection. While softmax loss can produce separable representations, its discriminative power is relatively poor. In this work, we propose NBC-Softmax, a contrastive loss based clustering technique for softmax loss, which is more intuitive and able to achieve superior performance. Our technique meets the criterion for larger number of samples, thus achieving block contrastiveness, which is proven to outperform pair-wise losses. It uses mini-batch sampling effectively and is scalable. Experiments on 4 darkweb social forums, with NBCSAuthor that uses the proposed NBC-Softmax for author and sybil detection, shows that our negative block contrastive approach constantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods using the same network architecture. Our code is publicly available at : https://github.com/gayanku/NBC-Softmax